Sunshine Cottage Educational Products - CASLLS

The Cottage Acquisition Scales for Listening, Language, and Speech (CASLLS) is a comprehensive tool designed to monitor the progress of children who are deaf or hard of hearing, from preverbal stages to complex language structures. Developed by Sunshine Cottage School for Deaf Children, CASLLS is widely used by professionals to assess and guide language development.

Web Resources:

• Sunshine Cottage Educational Products: The official website offers detailed information about CASLLS, including purchasing options and related resources. You can explore their products here:

CASLLS Educational Products edproducts.sunshinecottage.org  

• Reading CASLLS Manual (PDF): This manual complements existing materials by providing a holistic tool to track development across all reading domains, aligning with CASLLS's framework. Access the manual here:

CASLLS Manual $30 to purchase edproducts.sunshinecottage.org

YouTube Resources:

• CASLLS: An Introduction: This video provides an overview of the CASLLS tool, its purpose, and how it can be implemented to support language development in children who are deaf or hard of hearing. https://youtu.be/bWYJLyTqrlw?si=UflDw1CSr74PfY7L
• Zoom Presentation https://youtu.be/U6OTTlAHRSY?si=I-CPg0DU1um8DPYU

For a more in-depth understanding and practical guidance, consider exploring webinars offered by Sunshine Cottage. They provide sessions such as "Discover the Basics in Implementing the CASLLS" and "Moving Beyond the Basics of the CASLLS," which can be found on their website.

A complete set for progress monitoring CASLLES forms from preverbal to complex language structures, $240, edproducts.sunshinecottage.org  

CASLLS-Based Therapy Activities for Kindergarten – 5th Grade

Kindergarten – 1st Grade (Early Language Development)

1. Listening & Sound Awareness (Pre-Verbal – Single Word Level)

Activity: Sound Hunt

• Objective: Improve sound awareness and auditory discrimination.
• How to Play:
  • Play different environmental sounds (e.g., doorbell, dog barking, water running) and ask the child to guess or point to the corresponding picture/object.
  • Use real-life situations: “What do you hear? Listen… It’s a bird!”

Activity: Mystery Object Bag

• Objective: Strengthen auditory memory and vocabulary.
• How to Play:
  • Put common objects (ball, spoon, toy car) in a bag.
  • Describe one without showing it (“It’s round, you can throw it”).
  • Have the child guess before pulling it out.

2. Vocabulary & Sentence Expansion (Single Word – Combination Level)

Activity: Picture Walk Storytelling

• Objective: Encourage vocabulary and sentence development.
• How to Play:
  • Use a wordless picture book and describe each page (“Look! The boy is running.”).
  • Ask the child, “What do you see?” and expand on their response (“Yes! The big dog is jumping.”).

Activity: Speech Smash Mat (Themed Vocabulary)

• Objective: Help children practice category-based vocabulary and articulation.
• How to Play:
  • Print a themed smash mat (e.g., farm animals, foods).
  • Have the child name the object and use it in a short phrase before smashing (e.g., “Red apple”).

2nd – 3rd Grade (Expanding Language & Comprehension)

1. Following Multi-Step Directions (Combination – Complex Language Level)

Activity: Simon Says – Auditory Version

• Objective: Improve listening comprehension and ability to follow multi-step directions.
• How to Play:
  • Start with simple commands (“Touch your nose”).
  • Increase complexity (“First, clap your hands, then spin around.”).

Activity: Barrier Drawing Game

• Objective: Enhance auditory comprehension.
• How to Play:
  • The therapist describes a simple picture (“Draw a big sun in the sky”), and the child follows the instructions without seeing the therapist’s version.

2. Conversation & Social Skills (Complex Language Level)

Activity: Social Scenario Role-Play

• Objective: Improve problem-solving and conversational turn-taking.
• How to Play:
  • Present real-life situations (“Your friend is sad. What can you say?”).
  • Have the child role-play and practice responses using full sentences.

Activity: Guess the Feeling

• Objective: Develop emotional vocabulary and perspective-taking.
• How to Play:
  • Show pictures of people with different facial expressions.
  • Ask, “How do they feel? Why do you think that?”
  • Encourage full-sentence answers (“He is sad because he lost his toy.”).

4th – 5th Grade (Higher-Level Language & Critical Thinking)

1. Inferencing & Predicting (Complex Language Level)

Activity: What Happens Next?

• Objective: Develop inferencing skills using context clues.
• How to Play:
  • Show part of a picture or read the beginning of a story.
  • Ask, “What do you think will happen next? Why?”
  • Encourage children to justify their answers.

Activity: Hidden Meaning (Idioms & Figurative Language)

• Objective: Teach figurative language and comprehension beyond literal meanings.
• How to Play:
  • Introduce idioms (“Spill the beans”).
  • Have the child guess what it means and use it in a sentence.

2. Narrative Skills & Expanding Sentences

Activity: Story Cube Challenge

• Objective: Encourage storytelling with expanded sentences.
• How to Play:
  • Roll a story cube or pick random images.
  • Have the child create a story using the images (“First, the boy found a magic key…”).

Activity: Sentence Expansion Ladder

• Objective: Strengthen complex sentence formation.
• How to Play:
  • Start with a simple sentence: “The dog runs.”
  • Add details (“The big brown dog runs fast in the park.”).
  • Encourage the child to build on each sentence.

Additional Free Resources for CASLLS-Based Activities

1. Hearing First – Listening & Language Learning Activities
   https://www.hearingfirst.org

2. Speech Therapy Store – Free Printable Speech & Listening Mats
   https://www.speechtherapystore.com

3. AG Bell Association – Auditory Verbal Therapy Resources
   https://www.agbell.org

4. Boom Learning – Digital Language & Listening Games
   https://www.boomlearning.com

5. LessonPix – Custom CASLLS-Based Materials
   https://www.lessonpix.com

Understanding the CASLLS - The Cottage Acquisition Scales for Listening, Language & Speech (CASLLS)

 The Cottage Acquisition Scales for Listening, Language & Speech (CASLLS) is a developmental tool used by speech therapists to assess and track the progress of children with hearing deficits. It is particularly useful for children with cochlear implants or hearing aids and follows a developmental sequence similar to that of typically developing children.

Understanding the CASLLS

CASLLS is structured into five levels:

1. Pre-verbal – Early listening behaviors and prelinguistic communication.
2. Presyllabic – Babbling and early sound play.
3. Single Word – First words and vocabulary expansion.
4. Combinations – Two-word combinations and simple sentences.
5. Complex Language – Advanced sentence structure and conversational skills.

This scale helps therapists determine where a child is in their listening, language, and speech development and plan interventions accordingly.

How to Use CASLLS with Kids with Hearing Deficits

1. Assessment & Baseline Development

• Begin by identifying the child’s current level using CASLLS checklists.
• Observe spontaneous speech, listening behaviors, and responses to sound cues.
• Use parent/caregiver input to supplement data on language use in natural environments.

2. Goal Setting

• Set individualized goals based on the child's current abilities.
• Example: If a child is at the single-word level, goals may include expanding vocabulary and introducing two-word combinations (e.g., “more cookie”).

3. Listening and Language Activities

• Pre-verbal stage: Encourage awareness of environmental sounds and vocal play through games like “What Do You Hear?” using auditory discrimination tasks.
• Single-word stage: Use visual and tactile cues to reinforce word meanings (e.g., pairing the word “ball” with the actual object).
• Combination stage: Model and expand language using simple carrier phrases (“Want ball?” → “Do you want the ball?”).
• Complex language stage: Focus on conversational turn-taking, storytelling, and answering wh-questions.

4. Integration with Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT)

• CASLLS aligns well with AVT principles, emphasizing listening-first strategies.
• Example: Instead of showing a child an object, say, “Find the apple” and encourage them to locate it by listening.

5. Progress Monitoring & Parent Coaching

• Regularly track the child’s progress along the CASLLS scale.
• Train parents to use targeted strategies at home, such as auditory sandwiching (saying a word, showing the object, then saying the word again).

Example Therapy Activities Using CASLLS

Activity: Sound Identification Game (Pre-verbal - Single Word Level)

• Objective: Improve sound awareness and early vocabulary.
• How to Play: Play recorded animal or environmental sounds and ask the child to point to or name the sound source.

Activity: Expanding Sentences with Visual Supports (Combination Level)

• Objective: Move from single words to two-word combinations.
• How to Play: Use picture cards with common objects (e.g., “dog”) and prompt the child to expand, “Big dog” or “Dog runs”.

Activity: Auditory Storytelling (Complex Language Level)

• Objective: Develop listening comprehension and expressive language.
• How to Play: Read a short story and ask inferential questions like “What do you think will happen next?”

Free & Paid Resources for CASLLS

1. Sunshine Cottage School for Deaf Children – Offers CASLLS materials and training.
   https://www.sunshinecottage.org

2. AG Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing – Provides resources for auditory-verbal therapy.
   https://www.agbell.org

3. Listening and Spoken Language Knowledge Center – Offers speech therapy tools for children with hearing loss.
   https://www.hearingfirst.org

4. Advanced Bionics Listening Room – Free listening and language activities for children with cochlear implants.
   https://thelisteningroom.com

5. Boom Learning & Teachers Pay Teachers (TPT) – Download CASLLS-based speech therapy resources.
   https://www.boomlearning.com
   https://www.teacherspayteachers.com

Using Playmats & Smash Mats for Speech & Language Development

(For Children with Hearing Deficits, Hearing Aids, or Cochlear Implants)

What Are Playmats & Smash Mats?

• Playmats: Themed mats with pictures or interactive elements that encourage language learning through play.
• Smash Mats: Mats with pictures where children "smash" playdough, stickers, or small objects on targets as they practice words or sounds.

General Tips for Success

✅ Ensure Hearing Devices Are On & Functioning – Check that your child’s hearing aids or cochlear implants are working properly.
✅ Minimize Background Noise – Choose a quiet area to help your child focus on listening.
✅ Start With Visual Cues, Then Remove Them – Begin by letting your child see your mouth movements, then cover your lips to encourage pure listening.
✅ Use Visual & Tactile Cues – Point to pictures, use gestures, and encourage hands-on interaction.
✅ Encourage Listening First – Before giving visual support, ask them to try listening alone.
✅ Praise Effort, Not Just Accuracy – Reinforce attempts and progress, not just perfect speech.

1. Phonological Awareness (Rhyming, Syllables, Beginning Sounds)

🎯 Goal: Help your child recognize sounds, break down words, and understand rhymes.

Visual Activity: Rhyming Smash

🟢 Use a smash mat with pictures of rhyming words (e.g., cat, hat, bat).
🟢 Say two words aloud and ask, "Do these rhyme?"
🟢 If correct, let them smash playdough on the picture or place a sticker.
🟢 If incorrect, model the correct answer and have them repeat.

Auditory-Only Activity: “Mystery Rhyme” (Lips Covered)

🟢 Cover your mouth and say a word (e.g., “cat”).
🟢 Say another word (e.g., “bat”) and ask, “Do these words rhyme?”
🟢 Your child listens and responds by placing a token or smashing playdough on the correct answer.

Visual Activity: Syllable Clapping

🟢 Pick words from a playmat (e.g., elephant, tiger, apple).
🟢 Say the word and clap out syllables together.
🟢 Have your child place a token or jump for each syllable.

Auditory-Only Activity: “Guess the Word” (Lips Covered)

🟢 Cover your mouth and say a word syllable by syllable (e.g., “ba-na-na”).
🟢 Your child claps or jumps for each syllable and then guesses the word.

2. Articulation (Practicing Speech Sounds)

🎯 Goal: Improve speech clarity by targeting difficult sounds.

Visual Activity: Smash the Sound

🟢 Place pictures of words with the target sound on a smash mat (e.g., “S” words: sun, snake, sock).
🟢 Say the word and encourage your child to repeat after you.
🟢 If correct, they get to smash playdough on the word!
🟢 If they need help, give a model: “Try again, watch my mouth.”

Auditory-Only Activity: “Find the Sound” (Lips Covered)

🟢 Cover your mouth and say a word with the target sound (e.g., “sun” for /s/).
🟢 Your child listens and points to the correct picture on a playmat or smash mat.
🟢 If unsure, repeat with a slight pause between syllables (e.g., “s...un”).

3. Sound Discrimination (Hearing & Identifying Sounds)

🎯 Goal: Help your child recognize differences between similar sounds.

Visual Activity: Same or Different?

🟢 Say two words aloud (e.g., “bat” and “pat”).
🟢 Ask, “Are these the same or different?”
🟢 If correct, let them smash playdough on a picture.

Auditory-Only Activity: “Same or Different?” (Lips Covered)

🟢 Cover your mouth and say two words (e.g., “bat” and “pat”).
🟢 Your child listens and points to “same” or “different” on the smash mat.

Visual Activity: Loud vs. Quiet

🟢 Use a playmat with animals or objects.
🟢 Say a word loudly or softly, and have your child sort the words into "loud" or "quiet" categories.

Auditory-Only Activity: “Quiet or Loud?” (Lips Covered)

🟢 Cover your mouth and say words in different volumes (loud/soft).
🟢 Your child sorts them into “loud” or “quiet” by placing tokens on a playmat.

4. Receptive Language (Following Directions, Understanding Words)

🎯 Goal: Strengthen listening and comprehension.

Visual Activity: Follow the Path

🟢 Use a playmat with a road, maze, or themed scene.
🟢 Give directions like, “Drive the car to the red house” or “Put the ball next to the tree.”

Auditory-Only Activity: “Follow the Clue” (Lips Covered)

🟢 Cover your mouth and give a one-step direction (e.g., “Touch the dog.”).
🟢 If correct, increase to two-step (e.g., “First, find the apple, then touch the car.”).

5. Expressive Language (Expanding Words & Sentences)

🎯 Goal: Encourage your child to use more words and sentences.

Visual Activity: What’s Happening?

🟢 Use a scene playmat (e.g., a zoo, a park).
🟢 Ask WH-questions: “What is the boy doing?” or “Where is the cat?”
🟢 Encourage full sentences instead of one-word answers.

Auditory-Only Activity: “Tell Me More” (Lips Covered)

🟢 Ask your child a WH-question (e.g., “What do you see on the mat?”).
🟢 Encourage them to describe it using at least two words (e.g., “big house”).

Making It Fun & Engaging!

🎉 Use Rewards: Give small rewards or high-fives for participation.
🎉 Switch It Up: Try different themes (farm, ocean, transportation).
🎉 Take Turns: Let your child "be the teacher" and give you directions!
🎉 Use Everyday Items: Apply these skills during play with toys, books, or meals.

By incorporating both visual and auditory-only exercises, you can help your child with hearing deficits maximize his listening, speaking, and language skills in a fun and interactive way! 🚀

Instrucion How to Use Playmats or Smash Mats for Speech and Language Development

What You’ll Need:

✅ A playmat or smash mat with pictures (these can be themed, like animals, food, or emotions)
✅ Small objects, stickers, a dry-erase marker, or playdough (optional, depending on your activity)
✅ Your child’s preferred reinforcer (snack, toy, bubbles, etc., if needed for motivation)

Step-by-Step Instructions:

1. Introduce the Playmat/Smash Mat

🗣 Say: “Look! We have a fun mat with pictures on it! Let’s play together.”
👀 Show your child the mat and talk about what’s on it. If it has animals, name a few: “Here’s a dog! Here’s a cat!”

2. Choose a Target Skill

Decide what you want to work on based on your child’s level:
🔹 For Labeling Vocabulary: Ask, “What’s this?” and help them name the pictures.
🔹 For Imitation: Model the word and encourage your child to repeat it.
🔹 For Expanding Sentences: Add words (e.g., “Big dog!” or “The dog is running!”).
🔹 For Making Choices: Let them pick between two pictures (“Do you want the apple or banana?”).
🔹 For Using AAC/GoTalk: Help them find the correct button or picture to match the mat.

3. Make It Fun with Actions!

Depending on the type of mat, encourage interaction:
🎯 Smash Mat (for playdough, stickers, or smashing objects)

• Say a word, then squish playdough or place a sticker on the picture.
• Example: “Say ‘apple’—smash the apple!”
  🎲 Playmat (for movement or placing objects)
• Place small toys or tokens on the pictures when your child names them.
• Example: “Put the car on the road!”

4. Keep It Interactive

✔️ Use gestures, facial expressions, and sound effects to keep your child engaged.
✔️ If they struggle, model the correct response and encourage them to try again.
✔️ Praise all efforts! “Great try!” or “You said ‘cat’—awesome!”

5. Wrap Up and Reinforce Learning

🎉 Dear Parent! Celebrate your child's effort by playing with a favorite toy or giving a high-five.
🔄 Review the words one last time: “Wow, we talked about so many animals today! We saw a dog, a cat, and a bird!”

How Smash Mats and Playmats Support Language, Communication, and Social Skills Development

"How do you feel when..." or " When do you feel + feeling?"

Smash mats and playmats are engaging, hands-on tools that can help parents teach language, communication, articulation, comprehension, and social skills. These mats provide structured yet playful opportunities for learning, making them particularly useful for children who need visual and tactile reinforcement. Below, we explore how parents can effectively use smash mats to support different areas of language development and provide free resources to get started.

Benefits of Smash Mats & Playmats for Language Development

Vocabulary Building & Language Expansion

Themed smash mats, such as a farm animal-themed mat, help introduce words like “cow,” “sheep,” and “barn.” Parents can model phrases like “This is a cow. The cow says moo.” Categorization mats encourage children to sort animals, foods, or household items, reinforcing classification skills. For example, parents can prompt, “Find all the things we eat!” Expanding sentences is another key benefit; if a child says “dog,” the parent can extend it to “Yes, that is a big, brown dog.”

Communication Skills

Smash mats support requesting by allowing children to point to or say, “I want the red car.” Turn-taking is reinforced as parents and children alternate placing objects on a playmat, promoting patience and interaction. These mats also serve as visual prompts for children using AAC devices, with parents modeling AAC use by pressing “I want” before selecting a picture.

Articulation Practice

For speech development, target sound mats focus on specific sounds like /s/, /r/, and /l/, encouraging clear articulation. An example activity includes saying “sun” before smashing the picture. Minimal pairs mats help differentiate similar sounds, such as “ship” vs. “chip.” Repetitive drills make articulation practice engaging, requiring the child to say a word five times before placing a marker.

Comprehension & Following Directions

Smash mats help children follow two-step and three-step directions, such as “First, smash the apple, then touch the banana.” Wh-question mats encourage responses to queries like “Who eats bananas?” or “Where do birds live?” Sequencing mats guide children through everyday tasks, such as brushing teeth, with step-by-step visual prompts.

Social Skills Development

Emotion recognition mats feature pictures of different expressions, helping children identify and discuss feelings. A parent might ask, “How does this person feel? When do you feel that way?” Perspective-taking mats, such as a playground scene, encourage children to consider what characters might be thinking or feeling. Problem-solving mats present social dilemmas like “Your friend took your toy. What do you do?” with multiple possible solutions.

Smash Mats for School Age Students

Older students benefit from more complex mats that focus on sentence-building, social communication, and critical thinking.

Conversation Starters Smash Mat

Students can respond to prompts such as “What was the best part of your day?” or “If you could have any superpower, what would it be?” This activity encourages answering questions and asking follow-ups to build conversation skills.

Problem-Solving & Social Situations Smash Mat

Scenarios such as “You see someone being left out at lunch. What do you do?” help students practice empathy and decision-making. After selecting a scenario, they provide two possible solutions, reinforcing social problem-solving skills.

Sentence Expansion Smash Mat

Students complete sentence starters like “One reason I like…” or “I believe that…” and expand their responses using “because” or “for example.”

Inferencing & Predicting Smash Mat

Situations such as “You see dark clouds in the sky. What might happen next?” encourage students to make logical predictions and support their inferences with reasoning (“I think __ because __”).

Idioms & Figurative Language Smash Mat

Students match common idioms like “spill the beans” or “break the ice” to their meanings and use them in sentences, reinforcing figurative language comprehension.

Free Printable Smash Mats & Resources

Parents can access free printable smash mats from these websites:

1. Teachers Pay Teachers (TPT) – Search “free smash mats” for downloads. https://www.teacherspayteachers.com
2. Speech Therapy Store – Free articulation and language mats. https://www.speechtherapystore.com
3. Boom Learning – Interactive digital smash mats. https://wow.boomlearning.com
4. Twinkl – Offers free speech materials with a basic account. https://www.twinkl.com/sign-up
5. LessonPix – Create customized smash mats with a free trial. https://www.lessonpix.com

The Ultimate Toy Guide: Supporting Language Development Through Play

Many parents ask for recommendations on toys and games that promote speech, language, and social skills at home. To address this, I’ve created a three-part series featuring toy recommendations.

Top Picks for Toddlers

1. Cause-and-Effect Toys
• Why They're Great: These toys teach emerging communicators the critical concept of cause and effect - helping them understand that their actions can influence outcomes, an essential component of communication.
• Examples: Simple racetracks, ball-and-hammer toys, pop-up animal toys, and light-up or musical toys with buttons.
• How to Use: Narrate the cause-and-effect process ("Push the button, and the light comes on!") and watch for your child’s engagement or attempts to imitate.
2. Puzzles
• Why They're Great: Puzzles encourage vocabulary building, turn-taking, and interactive play.
• Examples: Animal puzzles, transportation-themed puzzles, or shape puzzles.
• How to Use: Label pieces as you go (“This is a cow. What sound does a cow make?”). Incorporate sounds, prepositions, and gestures. For example, say, “Let’s put it on the board,” and pause to see if your child repeats or imitates your words.
3. Shape Sorters
• Why They're Great: Shape sorters are excellent for teaching vocabulary, colors, and early requesting skills.
• Examples: Classic shape-sorting cubes or themed sets with colorful shapes.
• How to Use: Hold up two shapes and ask, “Do you want the blue or the red one?” Whether your child points, reaches, or attempts to say the word, you can model the correct name to encourage communication.
4. Books with Repetitive Phrases
• Why They're Great: Repetitive language helps first-word users and emerging communicators practice and anticipate common phrases, supporting early language skills.
• Examples: Books like "Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?" or "Dear Zoo."
• How to Use: After several readings, pause before the final word in a repetitive sentence to encourage your child to “fill in the blank.”
5. Wind-Up Toys
• Why They're Great: These toys provide natural breaks in play, creating opportunities for your child to practice functional language like “help,” “go,” or “more.”
• Examples: Wind-up cars, animals, or characters.
• How to Use: Pause before winding up the toy again, prompting your child to use words or gestures to request help.

Creative Play Ideas

Maximize your child’s engagement by introducing playful twists:

• Shape Sorters: Stack the shapes to make towers, then knock them over together while saying “Crash!”
• Books: Use silly voices or sing the words to capture attention.
• Puzzles: Pretend to put pieces in the wrong place and wait for your child to correct you.

Why It Matters

These toys and interactive strategies build essential skills while fostering bonding and fun. By incorporating visual support, narration, and playful interactions, you can support your toddler’s language development in a natural, enjoyable way.