Lekcja Historii - Powstanie Warszawskie / History Lesson - Warsaw Uprising

Drugi od lewej/Second from the left 

Stanislaw Henryk Glogowski

Warsaw Uprising 75th Anniversary Celebrations on 8/1/2019

https://photos.app.goo.gl/1onQiqEoe1WMzoUC7

Visit to The Uprising Museum

https://photos.app.goo.gl/XQB875TcMDdcQJBM8

Concert in the Old Town

https://photos.app.goo.gl/AEudASJGRiqfNxUB8

Aphasia in Children

Art by BP, 2015

Aphasia is a disorder of language, inability (or impaired ability) to use words (produce speech) to express ideas and to understand the speech of other people, resulting from damage to the parts of the brain that manage language. 

https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Language_disorders_Aphasia/

Aphasia may be caused by a stroke, brain tumor, brain infection, or dementia such as Alzheimer's disease. In some cases, aphasia is a symptom of epilepsy or other neurological disorder. According to the National Aphasia Association, about 25% to 40% of people who survive a stroke get aphasia. 

https://www.aphasia.org/stories/talking-kids-aphasia/

Some of the common varieties of aphasia are:

Global aphasia. This is the most severe form of aphasia, and is applied to patients who can produce few recognizable words and understand little or no spoken language.

• Broca's aphasia.
• Mixed non-fluent aphasia.
• Wernicke's aphasia.
• Anomic aphasia.
• Primary Progressive Aphasia.
  
  

Affected people often omit small words such as “is,” “and,” and “the.” For example, a person with Broca's aphasia may say, “Walk dog” meaning, “I will take the dog for a walk.” In contrast to Broca's aphasia, damage to the temporal lobe may result in a fluent aphasia that is called Wernicke's aphasia.

Receptive language disorders

Receptive language is a child's ability to understand and process spoken or written language. Children may experience some or all of the following problems:

• Following directions or completing instructions.
• Understanding long or complex sentences.
• Understanding the meaning and context of words and sentences.
• Recognizing the difference between sounds.
• They may appear to be not listening or ignoring you most of the time.
• They may not keep up with classmates, either with school work or socially.
• They may have behavioral problems or be acting up in class.
• They may be easily distracted or drift off when listening to speech or stories.
• They may appear to be forgetful. For example, they only complete part of an instruction or remember part of a shopping list.

Expressive language disorders

Expressive language is a child's ability to express themselves and get their meaning across through speaking or writing. Children may experience some or all of the following problems:

• Poor sentence or grammatical structure.
• Limited content in their speech.
• Confused meaning and grammar.
• They generally use short, simple sentences.
• Difficulty coming to the point.
• Problems starting or participating in conversations.
• Difficulty recalling or retelling information.
• Difficulty completing oral and written narratives and/or assignments.
• Have trouble finding the right words.

Family members and friends can use the following tips when communicating with a person with aphasia:

• Simplify your sentences and slow your pace.
• Keep conversations one-on-one initially.
• Allow the person time to talk.
• Don't finish sentences or correct errors.
• Reduce distracting noise in the environment.

https://youaremom.com/children/aphasia-in-children/

How Long Does it Take to Recover from Aphasia? If the symptoms of aphasia last longer than two or three months after a stroke, a complete recovery is unlikely. However, it is important to note that some people continue to improve over a period of years and even decades.

Pawiak Prison History - Never Again by BP

See more pictures of Pawiak https://photos.app.goo.gl/293bvtfd7TAx4QuR8 

The Pasiak Museum used to be a functioning prison. It was first built by the Tsar between 1829–35 when Warsaw was part of the Russian Empire. During that time, it was the main prison of central Poland, where political prisoners and criminals alike were incarcerated. During the January 1863 Uprising (Polish: Powstanie Styczniowe,) the prison served as a transfer camp for Poles sentenced by Imperial Russia to deportation to Siberia. After Poland regained independence in 1918, the Pawiak Prison became Warsaw's main prison for male criminals.

During the Second World War (1939-1945), it was used by the Natzis right after they took over Warsaw and it was used by them till the end of the II World War. Approximately 100,000 men and 200,000 women passed through the prison, mostly Home Army (Polish: Armia Krajowa, AK) members, political prisoners, and civilians taken hostage in street round-ups (Polish: Lapanka.) An estimated 37,000 inmates were executed and 60,000 sent to German death and concentration camps (Polish: obozy koncentracyjne.) Most of the people who ended there were not guilty. It's a pity that many famous people who could have helped the world in many ways were killed for no reason. Anyone who entered the jail never came out. The prisoners were tortured for one wrong phrase or one thing they said to an officer. There were many people who had to work there since the jail was very big. Some workers always stayed there while others came from the outside. Sometimes the workers, usually nurses, that were always kept in the prison wanted to communicate with their families and tell them that they were alive so they used the doctors from the outside to send messages. They put the notes in their sleeves and passed them to the doctors secretly who later delivered the notes to their families. If the Natzis found out about the conspiracy, they would kill the doctors, nurses, and their nearest families. Some women gave birth in the prison and their children were treated very badly. For this reason many nurses were needed. The Natzis had no mercy, that is how cruel they were. There are still some people alive who worked at Pawiak prison, but not many are left. Most of these people remember very well what happened but do not want to go back to the bad memories or are scared of Germans till these days. In the museum there is a video of the people who were comfortable with sharing this information and talk about their secret info and their life. It is important for us to know this information so we don't make the same mistakes in the future and know about the bad things that people did. We should encourage the people who have that knowledge to tell us this scary and paralyzing but important information. Nowadays most of the Pawiak building doesn't exist anymore and only a fraction of it is left. The Natzis wanted to hide the evidence of how bad they were and how many innocent people they killed. The final transport of prisoners took place 30 July 1944, two days before the 1 August outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising. Two thousand men and the remaining 400 women were sent to Gross-Rosen and Ravensbrück. On 21 August 1944 the Germans shot an unknown number of remaining prisoners and burned and blew up the buildings and only a tree there was left.

The tree died of old age, but a metal replica was created in Katowice and it is standing in front of the museum as a memory. People say that it is the only piece of evidence and the only thing that witnessed everything. As you can see from above, this is a very good and informative museum. I recommend everyone to visit it at least once. The pictures above will show you the information I included here.

The Amber Time Capsule - The Amber Room

The Amber Capsule https://photos.app.goo.gl/mtXkoVDP5vYadiCi9