Immune System, Viruses and Importance of Vaccination

Immune System

Cartoon By BP

#learnfromthevaccine This picture shows how the vaccine teaches the immune system how to fight of the virus. The immune system is made up of white blood cells.

#staystrong The vaccine makes the immune system stronger so the nose, throat, or lungs don’t have to suffer from the sickness.

#scienceiscool The white blood cells are also known as lymphocytes and are made up of t-cells and b-cells. They remember the bad cells through receptors, which is how the body becomes immune to another attack and can destroys the invader. Each receptor only matches one pathogen, which is why these cells are very specialized. 

#happyeveryday Thankfully, the immune system can fight off the virus with the help of a vaccine. Vaccines are important in our everyday life so that we can be healthy and happy!

Immune System - Video Notes 

Influenza (nose, throat, and lungs.)

Flu vaccine to prevent getting flu (vaccination.)

Immune system is a defense system. It is made of organs, tissues and cells.

The body can be attacked by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.

Pathogens are germs which include bacteria and viruses.

The immune system has:

• the innate immune system which protects the body by attacking germs
• the adaptive immune system which gives immunity to disease.

Special cells build someone immune

White blood cells (lymphocytes) are responsible for adaptive immune response.

T-cells and b-cells are the common ones.

They remember the bad cells and that is how the body becomes immune to a second attack.

They recognize germs through receptors. 

Each receptor only matches one pathogen.

It destroys the invader.

Symptoms:

• Fever - body temp rises
• Inflammation
• Redness
• Swelling
• Soreness

Vaccinations teach immune system to fight certain infections.

The Importance of Vaccination

Cartoon By BP

#deadly Viruses multiply and kill cells that keep the body alive. Some diseases can become infectious, meaning that they can spread from one person to another. These deadly disease kill millions of people and most of them are caused by viruses.

#falseinfo Some people think that vaccines create more damage than benefit, but this is false because smallpox, measles and polio were cured and eliminated by vaccines. In 1796, an English doctor named Edward Jenner eliminated smallpox by making the world’s first vaccination. He used the cowpox virus to make the vaccine. The body became immunized

#scienceiscool The scientific method was used to make the discovery of the first vaccine and all after that. First, he did observation and he noticed that dairy maids who got cowpox, never got smallpox. Then he made a hypothesis, which was that cowpox infection would help cure smallpox. After, he tested it by infecting someone with cowpox and then smallpox. Smallpox was immunized and couldn’t spread by 1980.

Vaccination and Scientific Method Notes

Viruses multiply and kill cells that keep the body alive. Virus diseases can become infectious, meaning they can spread from one person to another. Many viruses have killed millions of people. Smallpox, measles, and polio were very bad viruses.

In 1796, Edward Jenner, an English doctor, found a way how to stop smallpox by making the world’s first vaccination. He used the cowpox virus to make the vaccine. The name vaccine, comes from the word vacca, or cow, because of the cowpox used for the vaccination. 

Edward Jenner used the scientific method to make that discovery.

• Observations - he noticed that dairy maids who got cowpox, never got smallpox
• Hypothesis - he thought cowpox infection would help cure smallpox
• Test - he infected someone with cowpox and then smallpox

Smallpox was immunized and couldn’t spread by 1980.

Measles is easily passed on but also we have a vaccine for it. An obvious symptom is a rash over the whole body. In 1968, Maurice Hilleman made a vaccine and measles was whipped out in the Americas in 2000.

Polio is another contagious disease caused by a virus. It attacks the nervous system and creates paralysis. In the 1950s, it was one of the most serious diseases in children. The iron lung was used to treat the virus and it helped people breathe. In 1955, Jonas Salk made polio vaccine and in 1968, Albert Sabin made an oral polio vaccine. In 1979, there was complete elimination of polio in the U.S.

How Vaccine Works

Cartoon by BP

#vaccinesareimportant Vaccines give immunity to fight off infections because they stimulate the immune system and help the body create protective proteins called t-lymphocytes, which make antibodies against antigens and later pathogens. 

#scienceiscool The antibodies detect and remember the pathogens and fight them. Antigens are part of the pathogen which stimulates the immune system but are not strong enough to kill the antibodies. Antigens are bits of a virus of bacteria.

#communityimmunity Community immunity is when vaccines protect the whole community, even those who aren’t vaccinated. Community immunity is important because then the virus gets completely eliminated from the community. Let's hope that a vaccine for COVID 19 is made soon!

How Vaccine Works - Video Notes

Vaccines give immunity to fight off infections.

The vaccines stimulate the immune system and help the body create protective proteins called antibodies.

They detect the pathogen and fight it.

Antigen is part of the pathogen which stimulates the immune system. Antigens are bits of a virus of bacteria.

The antigen makes the body create t-lymphocytes. They make antibodies which go against antigens and help the cell remember the pathogen, or virus and cells can respond with the right antibodies

Community immunity is when vaccines protect the whole community, even those who aren’t vaccinated.